Issues

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells,” a pivotal article written by J. Lund, A. Sato, S. Akira, R. Medzhitov, and A. Iwasaki, and published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, in 2003. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20030162.

• Granulocyte-expressed C3aR1 and C5aR1 drive T-independent humoral responses.

• The effects are mediated through upregulation of neutrophil BAFF.

• Analogous mechanisms are required for optimal mucosal IgA production.

• FSH could induce the inflammatory differentiation of macrophages.

• FSH remarkably promoted the expression and secretion of IL-1β in macrophages.

• The chemotactic migratory capacity of macrophages was promoted by FSH.

• CD8⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells are elevated in HIV+ MACS participants.

• Activated CD8⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells induce PD-L1⁺ and PD-L1⁺IgG⁺ B cells.

• CD8⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells significantly and positively correlate with PD-L1⁺ B cells.

• cTECs undergo progressive changes during postnatal life caused by loss of Foxn1.

• Foxn1⁻ cTECs remain within the cortex but lack cTEC signature genes.

• Foxn1⁻ cTECs show an impaired ability to influence developing thymocytes.

• The mAb PhtD3 mechanism of protection is mediated by macrophages and complement system.

• The mAbs PhtD3 and PhtD7 produce robust protection in an influenza coinfection model.

• Human synovial TCR-γδ ligand is induced on monocytes by TLR stimuli.

• Ligand surface expression is dependent on gasdermin-D and is redox sensitive.

• Ligand expression intracellularly colocalizes with mitochondria.

• SVCV N protein negatively regulates cellular IFN production.

• SVCV N protein degrades STING in an autophagy-lysosome–dependent manner.

• Beclin1 is essential for N protein–mediated autophagic degradation of STING.

• Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the cellular components after S. japonicum infection.

• B and myeloid cells showed inhibitory interactions with exhausted CD4⁺ T cells.

• Exhausted CD4⁺ T cells promoted collagen expression in HSCs via IL-4 secretion.

• Mass spectrometry analyses show that chicken MHCY class I molecules bind lysophospholipids.

• MHCY class I molecules differing significantly in sequence bind the same ligands.

• Residues mostly away from the binding groove define MHCY class I polymorphism.

• Structural similarity is highly correlated with peptide binding specificity.

• A comprehensive HLA supertype classification method is presented.

• Improved breadth, accuracy, flexibility, and stability relative to previous methods are shown.